Impact of hypothyroidism and thyroid autoimmunity on serum anti-mullerian hormone levels

Abstract Objectives Chronic Autoimmune Thyroiditis (AIT) is a prevalent etiology of hypothyroidism and is postulated to affect ovarian reserve (OR). Ovarian reserve in patients with hypothyroidism secondary to total thyroidectomy has not yet been specifically investigated. Anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) is a verified and well-known biomarker reflecting OR. We aimed to investigate AMH levels in patients with hypothyroidism resulting from AIT or total thyroidectomy, and to assess the impact of both hypothyroidism and thyroid autoimmunity on ovarian reserve. Methods A cross-sectional study conducted at Bakırköy Dr. Sadi Konuk Education and Research Hospital in Istanbul, Turkey, between June 2022-June 2024. The study cohort comprised 56 euthyroid women with established hypothyroidism (30 cases with AIT and 26 post-total thyroidectomy) and 30 age- and BMI-matched healthy women. Parameters measured included AMH, FSH,LH, estradiol, fT3, fT4, TSH, TPOAbs, and TgAbs. Results No statistically significant difference was detected in AMH levels when comparing hypothyroid patients (irrespective of etiology) and healthy controls. Furthermore, no correlation was observed between AMH levels and TSH and/or thyroid autoantibodies. Conclusions Regardless of the underlying etiology, women with hypothyroidism demonstrate comparable AMH concentrations of healthy women. Furthermore, thyroid autoimmunity itself does not appear to exert an additional detrimental effect on AMH.