Erelu Dam and Livelihood Economies in Oyo State, Nigeria

Dams constitute critical infrastructure for water security, agricultural productivity, and rural poverty reduction, particularly in regions characterized by seasonal rainfall variability. This study examines the socio-economic contributions and operational constraints of Erelu Dam in Oyo State, Nigeria. A concurrent mixed-methods design anchored in the Sustainable Livelihoods Framework was adopted. Data were collected through household surveys (n = 400), focus group discussions, and key informant interviews. Quantitative data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics, while qualitative responses were subjected to thematic content analysis. Triangulation and cross-validation procedures enhanced analytical reliability and minimized interpretive bias. Findings indicate that the dam significantly supports livelihood diversification through irrigation farming, fisheries, and small-scale trading. However, its developmental potential is undermined by interconnected challenges including poor power supply, contamination risks from untreated water sources, inadequate material / equipment for domestic water processing and weak governance structures that generate poor maintenance culture. The study concludes that sustainable outcomes require a shift from centralized management toward participatory water governance supported by periodic technical audits and livelihood-centred planning. This integrated approach is essential for transforming the dam into a resilient socio-economic asset for rural communities.