Caracterización de fracturas y análisis de esfuerzos in situ en carbonatos compactos de la Cuenca de Potwar, Pakistán

Tight carbonate reservoirs represent a key target for hydrocarbon exploration in structurally complex foreland basins such as the Potwar Basin of northern Pakistan. This study aims to characterize fracture networks and in-situ stress fields within the Eocene Sakesar Limestone and Chorgali Formation. A multidisciplinary approach was adopted, integrating high-resolution Formation MicroImager (FMI) logs, core observations, borehole breakout analysis, and regional structural data. Results show that the fracture network is dominated by high-angle NE-SW trending sets, with secondary NW-SE orientations reflecting local structural complexities. Fracture densities range from 3 to 12 fractures per meter, with the highest intensities occurring near fault-bounded structural highs. Stress analysis indicates a strike-slip to transpressional regime, with maximum horizontal stress (Shmax) oriented NE-SW (~045°). Estimated magnitudes are Sv = 22-24 MPa/km, Shmin = 18-20 MPa/km, and Shmax = 26-30 MPa/km. These findings identify favorable zones for horizontal well placement and hydraulic fracturing, reducing drilling risks and improving completion design. The study provides a novel, integrated framework for optimizing the development of tight carbonate reservoirs in the Potwar Basin and offers insights applicable to similar foreland fold-and-thrust belt settings.