Architecture of the institute of state support for agriculture of the leading net food exporters: comparative analysis and lessons for Russia

The article is devoted to the research of the Institute of state support for agriculture in the countries that are the leading net exporters of food and make a significant contribution to ensuring global food security, in order to implement the best support tools into Russian practice. Methodologically, the article is based on systemic, institutional and dynamic approaches, as well as on the OECD’s comprehensive system for measuring and classifying support to agriculture: the Producer and Consumer Support Estimates (PSE and CSE) and related indicators. The countries were selected for analysis using the net food exports indicator; the largest net exporters include Brazil, EU, Australia, Thailand, Canada, New Zealand, Argentina, whose agriculture produces more food than the population consumes. The study showed that net food exporters are highly differentiated in terms of the absolute size of support, its structure and the tools used. The experience of supporting agriculture in selected countries proves that there is a developed system of institutions working to achieve national strategic objectives, as well as the existence of different models of state support, which tend towards various types, forms and directions of support. Taking into account the continuing weaknesses of the institute of state support for agriculture in the Russian Federation, sanctions pressure and new strategic priorities, the author proposes ways of transforming the institution of state support: strengthening its adaptability and proactive nature; Shift to a model dominated by the least distortive market signals of support; Increase spending on science and innovation, infrastructure, marketing and logistics support; Find a balance between producer and consumer support.