Comparative Study on the Role of Physiotherapy in Antenatal and Postnatal Women for Musculoskeletal Symptoms Management: A Scientific Perspective

Abstract Background: Pregnancy and childbirth induce profound physiological, hormonal, and biomechanical changes that frequently result in musculoskeletal discomfort, reduced physical fitness, and pelvic floor dysfunction. Evidence suggests that approximately 50-70% of pregnant women experience pregnancy-related musculoskeletal disorders, with lower back pain being the most prevalent. Antenatal and postnatal physiotherapy has emerged as a scientifically supported, cost-effective approach to promote maternal health, prevent complications, and enhance postpartum recovery with minimal adverse effects. Objective: To comprehensively examine and compare the effectiveness of antenatal and postnatal physiotherapy interventions in improving maternal well-being, functional capacity, musculoskeletal symptoms management, and quality of life, with emphasis on evidence-based practice principles. Methods: A narrative review of scientific literature from 2010–2025 was conducted through systematic searches in PubMed, Scopus, SLJPRS, and Google Scholar databases. Selection criteria included randomized controlled trials (RCTs), systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and clinical practice guidelines examining antenatal exercise programs, pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT), postural education, diastasis recti rehabilitation, and comprehensive postnatal rehabilitation protocols. Results: Findings from 28+ studies including high-quality RCTs demonstrate that antenatal physiotherapy incorporating moderate-intensity exercise (150 minutes weekly), targeted pelvic f loor training, and postural correction significantly reduces pregnancy-related lumbar pain (50% reduction), reduces cesarean delivery rates by 34%, and decreases gestational complications. Postnatal physiotherapy demonstrated significant benefits in pelvic floor rehabilitation, diastasis recti management, reduction of musculoskeletal pain burden, and documented prevention of postpartum depression. Conclusion: Scientific perspectives establish antenatal and postnatal physiotherapy as safe, effective, and essential interventions for comprehensive maternal health management. Incorporating structured, evidence-based physiotherapy programs enhances physical recovery, improves functional outcomes, and promotes psychological well-being.