The Associations of Anthropometric Indices With Stages and Mortality in Cardiovascular–Kidney–Metabolic Syndrome: Insights From NHANES

This study shows that several anthropometric indices, particularly the ABSI, WWI, WHtR, and C-index, are strongly associated with advanced CKM stage and increased mortality risk. These associations were stronger for central adiposity measures than for general adiposity, suggesting the potential relevance of central fat distribution and supporting the possible role of anthropometric indices in early risk stratification and targeted intervention in CKM syndrome.