Investigation Into the Morphological Characteristics of Dawakin Kudu Silica Sand for Glass-Making Applications

Silica sand is a critical industrial mineral widely used in glass manufacturing, ceramics, foundry molding, and advanced engineering materials. The suitability of silica sand for glass production depends largely on its chemical composition, grain morphology, particle size distribution, and impurity content. In this study, the morphological characteristics of silica sand deposits from Dawakin Kudu, Kano State, Nigeria, were systematically investigated to assess their potential for glass-making applications. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) was employed to examine the grain morphology, while quantitative particle shape analysis was conducted using ImageJ software. The SEM micrographs revealed that the sand grains are predominantly angular to sub-angular with sharp edges and distinct grain boundaries. Particle shape analysis further confirmed low circularity and sphericity values, indicating non-rounded grain morphology, which is desirable for effective melting and homogeneous glass formation. The average particle size distribution was found to fall within the acceptable industrial range for soda-lime silica glass production. The results demonstrate that Dawakin Kudu silica sand possesses favorable morphological properties for glass manufacturing. This study contributes to the identification of alternative indigenous silica sand resources in Nigeria, which can reduce import dependence, stimulate local industrial development, and create employment opportunities. The findings provide a scientific basis for further beneficiation, chemical characterization, and pilot-scale glass production trials using Dawakin Kudu sand.