Towards a holistic understanding of food and mental well-being: the one health approach

The One Health approach recognizes the intrinsic interconnection between human, animal, and environmental health. Within the field of food sciences, this concept highlights the need for an integrated strategy to ensure food safety, nutritional quality, and sustainability throughout the entire food chain. Food is fundamental for human survival, fulfilling essential nutritional and energy requirements. However, in recent years, public interest has shifted toward understanding the broader impact of nutrition on overall well-being, including its influence on mental health. Emerging research underscores that effective public health nutrition strategies can play a preventive role in mental health disorders. Our previous studies revealed that multiple factors shape food choice — ranging from individual characteristics (such as gender, age, education, and psychological traits) to habitual eating behaviors and food properties themselves. Although hunger remains a primary driver of consumption, what people choose to eat — when given options — is not determined solely by physiological or nutritional needs. According to the European Food Information Council (EUFIC), food choice can also be influenced by mood and emotional state. Our research further demonstrated that emotional responses triggered by different food tastes may be associated with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and could serve as potential early diagnostic indicators. Looking ahead, future food research should aim to develop novel food products that go beyond nutritional optimization. By refining sensory aspects — such as texture, aroma, and flavor profiles — it may be possible to evoke more positive emotional responses, particularly benefiting individuals suffering from mood-related disorders like MDD. Ultimately, integrating the One Health perspective into food science not only enhances physical and mental health outcomes but also supports the creation of a sustainable, ethical, and health promoting global food system.