Phylogenetic Relationships of Taxa in The Anatidae Family Using Three Mitochondrial Gene Sequences

<span style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; position: absolute; white-space: pre; cursor: text; transform-origin: 0% 0%; left: 59px; top: 546.489px; font-size: 18.4px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.923164);">Anatidae is an attractive family of waterfowl including ducks, geese and swans. Anatidae</span><span style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; position: absolute; white-space: pre; cursor: text; transform-origin: 0% 0%; left: 729.717px; top: 546.489px; font-size: 18.4px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.903186);">appears stable at the family </span><span style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; position: absolute; white-space: pre; cursor: text; transform-origin: 0% 0%; left: 59px; top: 578.089px; font-size: 18.4px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.906513);">level, but the systematics of subfamilies and many tribes within it are a matter of debate. Current taxonomy studies are </span><span style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; position: absolute; white-space: pre; cursor: text; transform-origin: 0% 0%; left: 59px; top: 609.689px; font-size: 18.4px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.899284);">carried out using morpho</span><span style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; position: absolute; white-space: pre; cursor: text; transform-origin: 0% 0%; left: 256.233px; top: 609.689px; font-size: 18.4px; font-family: sans-serif;">-</span><span style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; position: absolute; white-space: pre; cursor: text; transform-origin: 0% 0%; left: 262.233px; top: 609.689px; font-size: 18.4px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.895204);">ecological and molecular characters to organize many species within Anatidae. In</span><span style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; position: absolute; white-space: pre; cursor: text; transform-origin: 0% 0%; left: 910.567px; top: 609.689px; font-size: 18.4px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.884909);">the </span><span style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; position: absolute; white-space: pre; cursor: text; transform-origin: 0% 0%; left: 59px; top: 641.289px; font-size: 18.4px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.892829);">presented study, three mitochondrial </span><span style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; position: absolute; white-space: pre; cursor: text; transform-origin: 0% 0%; left: 327.233px; top: 641.289px; font-size: 18.4px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.909348);">COI, Cytb and ND2 </span><span style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; position: absolute; white-space: pre; cursor: text; transform-origin: 0% 0%; left: 475.083px; top: 641.289px; font-size: 18.4px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.843744);">gene</span><span style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; position: absolute; white-space: pre; cursor: text; transform-origin: 0% 0%; left: 509.683px; top: 641.289px; font-size: 18.4px; font-family: sans-serif;">s</span><span style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; position: absolute; white-space: pre; cursor: text; transform-origin: 0% 0%; left: 520.283px; top: 641.289px; font-size: 18.4px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.869857);">sequences were used for the first time to test the Anatidae </span><span style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; position: absolute; white-space: pre; cursor: text; transform-origin: 0% 0%; left: 59px; top: 673.089px; font-size: 18.4px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.939984);">family with a large number of taxa using Bayesian inference and Maximum Likelihood algorithms. </span><span style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; position: absolute; white-space: pre; cursor: text; transform-origin: 0% 0%; left: 807.967px; top: 673.089px; font-size: 18.4px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.939317);">According to the </span><span style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; position: absolute; white-space: pre; cursor: text; transform-origin: 0% 0%; left: 59px; top: 704.722px; font-size: 18.4px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.84711);">results of the phy</span><span style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; position: absolute; white-space: pre; cursor: text; transform-origin: 0% 0%; left: 190.633px; top: 704.722px; font-size: 18.4px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.892224);">logenetic analysis of the Anatidae members, the Anatini, Athyini, Anserini, Cygnini, Oxyurini and </span><span style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; position: absolute; white-space: pre; cursor: text; transform-origin: 0% 0%; left: 59px; top: 736.322px; font-size: 18.4px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.886866);">Dendrocygnini tribes are monophyletic taxa while the Mergini, and Tadornini tribes are not monophyletic taxa. In </span><span style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; position: absolute; white-space: pre; cursor: text; transform-origin: 0% 0%; left: 59px; top: 767.922px; font-size: 18.4px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.903479);">addition, our study shows that the </span><span style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; position: absolute; white-space: pre; cursor: text; transform-origin: 0% 0%; left: 311.433px; top: 767.922px; font-size: 18.4px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.871761);">Anas</span><span style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; position: absolute; white-space: pre; cursor: text; transform-origin: 0% 0%; left: 348.083px; top: 767.922px; font-size: 18.4px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.899825);">, </span><span style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; position: absolute; white-space: pre; cursor: text; transform-origin: 0% 0%; left: 357.083px; top: 767.922px; font-size: 18.4px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.953335);">Merg</span><span style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; position: absolute; white-space: pre; cursor: text; transform-origin: 0% 0%; left: 396.883px; top: 767.922px; font-size: 18.4px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.841735);">us</span><span style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; position: absolute; white-space: pre; cursor: text; transform-origin: 0% 0%; left: 417.883px; top: 767.922px; font-size: 18.4px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.86575);">and </span><span style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; position: absolute; white-space: pre; cursor: text; transform-origin: 0% 0%; left: 448.883px; top: 767.922px; font-size: 18.4px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.949701);">Tadorna</span><span style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; position: absolute; white-space: pre; cursor: text; transform-origin: 0% 0%; left: 516.683px; top: 767.922px; font-size: 18.4px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.863309);">genera are non</span><span style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; position: absolute; white-space: pre; cursor: text; transform-origin: 0% 0%; left: 624.517px; top: 767.922px; font-size: 18.4px; font-family: sans-serif;">-</span><span style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; position: absolute; white-space: pre; cursor: text; transform-origin: 0% 0%; left: 630.517px; top: 767.922px; font-size: 18.4px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.930909);">monophyletic</span><span style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; position: absolute; white-space: pre; cursor: text; transform-origin: 0% 0%; left: 731.517px; top: 767.922px; font-size: 18.4px; font-family: sans-serif;">.</span>