KİŞİSELLEŞTİRİLMİŞ BESLENME YAKLAŞIMLARI: SAĞLIK VE KLİNİK SONUÇLARIN OPTİMİZASYONU

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:5.4pt">Personalized nutrition (PN)represents a transformative and novel approach in nutrition science, in whichindividual genetic profiles guide tailored dietary recommendations, optimizinghealth outcomes and more effectively managing chronic diseases <!--[if supportFields]><spanstyle='mso-element:field-begin'></span><spanstyle='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span>ADDIN EN.CITE&lt;EndNote&gt;&lt;Cite&gt;&lt;Author&gt;Singar&lt;/Author&gt;&lt;Year&gt;2024&lt;/Year&gt;&lt;RecNum&gt;1&lt;/RecNum&gt;&lt;DisplayText&gt;(Singar,Nagpal, Arjmandi, &amp;amp; Akhavan, 2024)&lt;/DisplayText&gt;&lt;record&gt;&lt;rec-number&gt;1&lt;/rec-number&gt;&lt;foreign-keys&gt;&lt;keyapp=&quot;EN&quot; db-id=&quot;d2rtaae2edpvabeawa0pp0zwt5rw2vfddvvd&quot;timestamp=&quot;1761903418&quot;&gt;1&lt;/key&gt;&lt;/foreign-keys&gt;&lt;ref-typename=&quot;JournalArticle&quot;&gt;17&lt;/ref-type&gt;&lt;contributors&gt;&lt;authors&gt;&lt;author&gt;Singar,Saiful&lt;/author&gt;&lt;author&gt;Nagpal,Ravinder&lt;/author&gt;&lt;author&gt;Arjmandi, BahramH&lt;/author&gt;&lt;author&gt;Akhavan, Neda S&lt;/author&gt;&lt;/authors&gt;&lt;/contributors&gt;&lt;titles&gt;&lt;title&gt;Personalizednutrition: tailoring dietary recommendations through geneticinsights&lt;/title&gt;&lt;secondary-title&gt;Nutrients&lt;/secondary-title&gt;&lt;/titles&gt;&lt;periodical&gt;&lt;full-title&gt;Nutrients&lt;/full-title&gt;&lt;/periodical&gt;&lt;pages&gt;2673&lt;/pages&gt;&lt;volume&gt;16&lt;/volume&gt;&lt;number&gt;16&lt;/number&gt;&lt;dates&gt;&lt;year&gt;2024&lt;/year&gt;&lt;/dates&gt;&lt;isbn&gt;2072-6643&lt;/isbn&gt;&lt;urls&gt;&lt;/urls&gt;&lt;/record&gt;&lt;/Cite&gt;&lt;/EndNote&gt;<spanstyle='mso-element:field-separator'></span><![endif]-->(Singar, Nagpal, Arjmandi, &amp; Akhavan, 2024)<!--[if supportFields]><spanstyle='mso-element:field-end'></span><![endif]-->. It emphasizes currentresearch highlighting key gene–diet interactions that influence variousconditions, including obesity and diabetes, suggesting that dietaryinterventions may be more precise and beneficial when tailored to individualgenetic profiles. The aim of this review is to summarize the key aspects of PN,highlighting current research, practical applications, and its potential toimprove health outcomes.<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:5.4pt">Personalized nutrition involvesthe use of genetic, phenotypic, biochemical, and dietary data to analyze theimpact of nutrition on an individual’s health. The International Society ofNutrigenetics/Nutrigenomics (ISNN) provides information on PN, emphasizing howan individual’s genetic makeup, along with a range of biological and culturaldifferences such as food intolerances, preferences, and allergies, caninfluence responses to nutrients <!--[if supportFields]><span style='mso-element:field-begin'></span><span style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span>ADDIN EN.CITE&lt;EndNote&gt;&lt;Cite&gt;&lt;Author&gt;Ferguson&lt;/Author&gt;&lt;Year&gt;2016&lt;/Year&gt;&lt;RecNum&gt;2&lt;/RecNum&gt;&lt;DisplayText&gt;(Fergusonet al., 2016)&lt;/DisplayText&gt;&lt;record&gt;&lt;rec-number&gt;2&lt;/rec-number&gt;&lt;foreign-keys&gt;&lt;keyapp=&quot;EN&quot; db-id=&quot;d2rtaae2edpvabeawa0pp0zwt5rw2vfddvvd&quot;timestamp=&quot;1761903850&quot;&gt;2&lt;/key&gt;&lt;/foreign-keys&gt;&lt;ref-typename=&quot;Journal Article&quot;&gt;17&lt;/ref-type&gt;&lt;contributors&gt;&lt;authors&gt;&lt;author&gt;Ferguson,Lynnette R&lt;/author&gt;&lt;author&gt;De Caterina,Raffaele&lt;/author&gt;&lt;author&gt;Görman,Ulf&lt;/author&gt;&lt;author&gt;Allayee, Hooman&lt;/author&gt;&lt;author&gt;Kohlmeier,Martin&lt;/author&gt;&lt;author&gt;Prasad,Chandan&lt;/author&gt;&lt;author&gt;Choi, MyungSook&lt;/author&gt;&lt;author&gt;Curi, Rui&lt;/author&gt;&lt;author&gt;De Luis,Daniel Antonio&lt;/author&gt;&lt;author&gt;Gil,Ángel&lt;/author&gt;&lt;/authors&gt;&lt;/contributors&gt;&lt;titles&gt;&lt;title&gt;Guideand position of the international society of nutrigenetics/nutrigenomics onpersonalised nutrition: part 1-fields of precisionnutrition&lt;/title&gt;&lt;secondary-title&gt;Lifestyle Genomics&lt;/secondary-title&gt;&lt;/titles&gt;&lt;periodical&gt;&lt;full-title&gt;LifestyleGenomics&lt;/full-title&gt;&lt;/periodical&gt;&lt;pages&gt;12-27&lt;/pages&gt;&lt;volume&gt;9&lt;/volume&gt;&lt;number&gt;1&lt;/number&gt;&lt;dates&gt;&lt;year&gt;2016&lt;/year&gt;&lt;/dates&gt;&lt;isbn&gt;1661-6499&lt;/isbn&gt;&lt;urls&gt;&lt;/urls&gt;&lt;/record&gt;&lt;/Cite&gt;&lt;/EndNote&gt;<spanstyle='mso-element:field-separator'></span><![endif]-->(Ferguson et al., 2016)<!--[if supportFields]><spanstyle='mso-element:field-end'></span><![endif]-->. PN is based on the principlethat individual genetic variations may affect how specific foods or nutrientamounts alter disease risk. The scope of PN is further enhanced byincorporating various phenotypic data such as body composition measurements,physical activity levels, clinical indicators, and biochemical markersassessing nutritional status alongside genomic information, thereby enablingmore tailored interventions <!--[if supportFields]><span style='mso-element:field-begin'></span><span style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span>ADDIN EN.CITE&lt;EndNote&gt;&lt;Cite&gt;&lt;Author&gt;Ferguson&lt;/Author&gt;&lt;Year&gt;2016&lt;/Year&gt;&lt;RecNum&gt;2&lt;/RecNum&gt;&lt;DisplayText&gt;(Fergusonet al., 2016)&lt;/DisplayText&gt;&lt;record&gt;&lt;rec-number&gt;2&lt;/rec-number&gt;&lt;foreign-keys&gt;&lt;keyapp=&quot;EN&quot; db-id=&quot;d2rtaae2edpvabeawa0pp0zwt5rw2vfddvvd&quot;timestamp=&quot;1761903850&quot;&gt;2&lt;/key&gt;&lt;/foreign-keys&gt;&lt;ref-typename=&quot;Journal Article&quot;&gt;17&lt;/ref-type&gt;&lt;contributors&gt;&lt;authors&gt;&lt;author&gt;Ferguson,Lynnette R&lt;/author&gt;&lt;author&gt;De Caterina,Raffaele&lt;/author&gt;&lt;author&gt;Görman,Ulf&lt;/author&gt;&lt;author&gt;Allayee, Hooman&lt;/author&gt;&lt;author&gt;Kohlmeier,Martin&lt;/author&gt;&lt;author&gt;Prasad,Chandan&lt;/author&gt;&lt;author&gt;Choi, MyungSook&lt;/author&gt;&lt;author&gt;Curi, Rui&lt;/author&gt;&lt;author&gt;De Luis,Daniel Antonio&lt;/author&gt;&lt;author&gt;Gil,Ángel&lt;/author&gt;&lt;/authors&gt;&lt;/contributors&gt;&lt;titles&gt;&lt;title&gt;Guideand position of the international society of nutrigenetics/nutrigenomics onpersonalised nutrition: part 1-fields of precisionnutrition&lt;/title&gt;&lt;secondary-title&gt;Lifestyle Genomics&lt;/secondary-title&gt;&lt;/titles&gt;&lt;periodical&gt;&lt;full-title&gt;LifestyleGenomics&lt;/full-title&gt;&lt;/periodical&gt;&lt;pages&gt;12-27&lt;/pages&gt;&lt;volume&gt;9&lt;/volume&gt;&lt;number&gt;1&lt;/number&gt;&lt;dates&gt;&lt;year&gt;2016&lt;/year&gt;&lt;/dates&gt;&lt;isbn&gt;1661-6499&lt;/isbn&gt;&lt;urls&gt;&lt;/urls&gt;&lt;/record&gt;&lt;/Cite&gt;&lt;/EndNote&gt;<spanstyle='mso-element:field-separator'></span><![endif]-->(Ferguson et al., 2016)<!--[if supportFields]><spanstyle='mso-element:field-end'></span><![endif]-->. Nutrigenomics investigatesthe interaction between nutrients and our genetic makeup, examining howindividual genetic variations influence our responses to dietary components.This field holds promise for tailoring nutritional guidelines to individual healthneeds and potentially improving health outcomes. The integration of genomicscience into nutrition can enhance the effectiveness of dietary interventions.Although the field of nutritional genomics shows great potential, it is stillevolving and requires further research to fully realize its clinicalapplications <!--[if supportFields]><span style='mso-element:field-begin'></span><spanstyle='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span>ADDIN EN.CITE&lt;EndNote&gt;&lt;Cite&gt;&lt;Author&gt;Mullins&lt;/Author&gt;&lt;Year&gt;2020&lt;/Year&gt;&lt;RecNum&gt;3&lt;/RecNum&gt;&lt;DisplayText&gt;(Kohlmeieret al., 2016; Mullins, Bresette, Johnstone, Hallmark, &amp;amp; Chilton,2020)&lt;/DisplayText&gt;&lt;record&gt;&lt;rec-number&gt;3&lt;/rec-number&gt;&lt;foreign-keys&gt;&lt;keyapp=&quot;EN&quot; db-id=&quot;d2rtaae2edpvabeawa0pp0zwt5rw2vfddvvd&quot;timestamp=&quot;1761904306&quot;&gt;3&lt;/key&gt;&lt;/foreign-keys&gt;&lt;ref-typename=&quot;JournalArticle&quot;&gt;17&lt;/ref-type&gt;&lt;contributors&gt;&lt;authors&gt;&lt;author&gt;Mullins,Veronica A&lt;/author&gt;&lt;author&gt;Bresette,William&lt;/author&gt;&lt;author&gt;Johnstone, Laurel&lt;/author&gt;&lt;author&gt;Hallmark,Brian&lt;/author&gt;&lt;author&gt;Chilton, FloydH&lt;/author&gt;&lt;/authors&gt;&lt;/contributors&gt;&lt;titles&gt;&lt;title&gt;Genomicsin personalized nutrition: can you “eat for your genes”?&lt;/title&gt;&lt;secondary-title&gt;Nutrients&lt;/secondary-title&gt;&lt;/titles&gt;&lt;periodical&gt;&lt;full-title&gt;Nutrients&lt;/full-title&gt;&lt;/periodical&gt;&lt;pages&gt;3118&lt;/pages&gt;&lt;volume&gt;12&lt;/volume&gt;&lt;number&gt;10&lt;/number&gt;&lt;dates&gt;&lt;year&gt;2020&lt;/year&gt;&lt;/dates&gt;&lt;isbn&gt;2072-6643&lt;/isbn&gt;&lt;urls&gt;&lt;/urls&gt;&lt;/record&gt;&lt;/Cite&gt;&lt;Cite&gt;&lt;Author&gt;Kohlmeier&lt;/Author&gt;&lt;Year&gt;2016&lt;/Year&gt;&lt;RecNum&gt;4&lt;/RecNum&gt;&lt;record&gt;&lt;rec-number&gt;4&lt;/rec-number&gt;&lt;foreign-keys&gt;&lt;keyapp=&quot;EN&quot; db-id=&quot;d2rtaae2edpvabeawa0pp0zwt5rw2vfddvvd&quot;timestamp=&quot;1761904381&quot;&gt;4&lt;/key&gt;&lt;/foreign-keys&gt;&lt;ref-typename=&quot;Journal Article&quot;&gt;17&lt;/ref-type&gt;&lt;contributors&gt;&lt;authors&gt;&lt;author&gt;Kohlmeier,Martin&lt;/author&gt;&lt;author&gt;De Caterina,Raffaele&lt;/author&gt;&lt;author&gt;Ferguson, LynnetteR&lt;/author&gt;&lt;author&gt;Görman, Ulf&lt;/author&gt;&lt;author&gt;Allayee,Hooman&lt;/author&gt;&lt;author&gt;Prasad,Chandan&lt;/author&gt;&lt;author&gt;Kang, JingX&lt;/author&gt;&lt;author&gt;Nicoletti, CarolinaFerreira&lt;/author&gt;&lt;author&gt;Martinez, JAlfredo&lt;/author&gt;&lt;/authors&gt;&lt;/contributors&gt;&lt;titles&gt;&lt;title&gt;Guideand position of the International Society of Nutrigenetics/Nutrigenomics onpersonalized nutrition: part 2-et