Development of Pyrene-Viologen Derived Porous Organic Polymer Electrodes for High-Performance Supercapacitors

<p style="text-align: justify; ">Supercapacitors have emerged as crucial energy storage devices to meet the increasing global demand driven by renewable energy integration and advanced technologies. The performance of supercapacitors largely depends on electrode materials with high surface area, conductivity, and robust electrochemical stability. In this study, novel pyrene-centered and viologen-based porous organic polymers (POPs) were developed as next-generation electrode materials. Pyrene units, with their extended pi-conjugation and high structural stability, provided strong interaction with carbon-based electrodes and enhanced specific capacitance, while viologen derivatives contributed to energy density through highly reversible faradaic redox processes. Electrochemical evaluations demonstrated that the prepared electrodes achieved a specific capacitance 213 F/g at a current density of 1 A/g, while retaining over 90% of their initial performance after 5000 charge-discharge cycles. These results confirm the electrochemical stability, rapid charge-discharge capability, and long-term cycling performance of the designed materials. Furthermore, the synergistic effect between pyrene and viologen moieties enhanced ion mobility, accelerated charge transfer, and significantly improved electrode durability. The promising results highlight their potential to advance energy storage technologies by providing high capacitance, long cycle life, and improved electrochemical reliability.