İlkokul İklimini Belirleyen Unsurların Öğrenme Çıktılarını Etkileme Düzeyi: Bir Sistematik Derleme Çalışması

School climate is an important factor that reflects the character and atmosphere of the environment in which students receive their education, influencing their academic achievement, motivation, and emotional development. This climate plays a significant role in shaping students' attitudes toward school, their engagement in learning processes, and their overall well-being. A positive school climate, shaped through a student-centered approach, aims to maximize individual potential, foster the development of positive behaviors, and support students' social-emotional skills. This not only enhances academic performance but also strengthens students' psychological resilience and social adaptation. This study conducted a systematic literature review to examine the socio-cultural dimensions of school climate and their effects on learning outcomes. A total of 2,218 studies published between 2000 and 2023 were identified through searches in the Web of Science, Scopus, and ERIC databases. Using the PRISMA diagram, this number was reduced to 26 studies based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. The literature search was conducted with the keywords "primary school" AND ("school climate" OR "school environment" OR "school life"). The selected studies were analyzed in detail using content analysis with the MAXQDA 2022 software. The findings revealed that school climate studies predominantly focus on psychological and individual (personal) dimensions. These dimensions were found to be strongly associated with students' academic achievement and psychological learning outcomes. While the psychological dimension affects factors such as students' sense of belonging, self-confidence, and motivation, the individual dimension influences areas like student-teacher relationships and social interactions. In conclusion, improving the school climate not only enhances students' academic performance but also positively impacts their social skills, emotional resilience, and overall life satisfaction. In this context, educational policies and practices should be designed to strengthen the school climate, with student-centered approaches prioritized.