Quantitative analysis of the phenolic compounds in sage (Salvia officinalis L.) leaves

Introduction. Salvia officinalis, commonly known as sage, is a medicinal herb recognized for its efficacy in addressing a variety of health issues, including microbial infections and diabetes [1]. Historically, sage has been employed to alleviate digestive problems, respiratory ailments, skin conditions, galactorrhea, excessive perspiration, and symptoms of depression. Recent scientific investigations have revealed a diverse range of pharmacological benefits associated with this herb, including anticancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-nociceptive, antioxidant, antimicrobial, antimutagenic, antidementia, hypoglycemic, and hypolipidemic properties [2]. Consequently, it is essential to identify the optimal conditions for maximizing the concentration of bioactive compounds in sage leaf extracts. The aim of the work. To assess the varying effects of raw material, extrahents, and their concentrations on the overall quantity of phenolic compounds present in the extracts. Materials and Methods. The process of extracting sage leaves was conducted through ultrasonic extraction techniques. Water and various ethanol concentrations (30%, 50%, 70%, 96%) were used as the extrahents. The overall quantity of phenolic compounds was assessed using spectrophotometric method. Results. The spectrophotometric analysis revealed that the highest amount (0.1427 mg/g GAE dw) of phenolic compounds was observed in a 96% ethanol solution at a dilution ratio of 1:10. Additionally, when examining other concentrations (1:20 and 1:30), the greatest quantity of phenolic compounds was identified in the 96% ethanol solution as well (0.0743 and 0.0529 mg/g GAE dw, respectively 0.0743 – 1:20; 0.0529 – 1:30). In contrast, the lowest concentration of phenolic compounds was achieved when water was used as the extrahent. Conclusions. Following the spectrophotometric analysis of extracts derived from various concentrations of the research material and extrahent it can be concluded that the optimal yield of phenolic compounds was achieved with the use of 1 gram of sage leaves combined with 10 ml of 96% ethanol.