Beyond Humanity: Exploring the Dual Meaning of Posthuman in the Context of Transhumanism and Posthumanism

<p class="p1" style="margin-bottom: 0px; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">The concept of the posthuman plays a vital role in both transhumanist and posthumanist <p class="p1" style="margin-bottom: 0px; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">discourses, yet every discourse gives different meanings to this concept. This paper aims to <p class="p1" style="margin-bottom: 0px; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">uncover the double meaning of posthuman in the discourses mentioned above, underlining their <p class="p1" style="margin-bottom: 0px; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">one-of-a-kind views on humanity’s evolution and future or destiny. In transhumanism, the <p class="p1" style="margin-bottom: 0px; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">concept of posthuman is considered to be an enhanced form of humanity that would be carried <p class="p1" style="margin-bottom: 0px; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">on through the implementation of enabling advanced technologies and biotechnology. It is a <p class="p1" style="margin-bottom: 0px; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">vision that rejoices in the prospects of overcoming current physical and mental constraints and <p class="p1" style="margin-bottom: 0px; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">ushers in an age of unprecedented capacities and extended life. While posthumanism clears the <p class="p1" style="margin-bottom: 0px; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">anthropocentric borderlines by questioning the clear-cut distinctions between human, animal, <p class="p1" style="margin-bottom: 0px; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">and machine, in such a context, the posthuman would refer to a state that has surmounted the <p class="p1" style="margin-bottom: 0px; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">human condition of old, fostering an intertwined perspective that releases human identity from <p class="p1" style="margin-bottom: 0px; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">its supremacism to involve more ecological and existential sentiments. Playing these <p class="p1" style="margin-bottom: 0px; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">conceptions off each other, the article develops their philosophical and ethical implications, <p class="p1" style="margin-bottom: 0px; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">particularly concerning understanding of human identity, dependence on technology, and social <p class="p1" style="margin-bottom: 0px; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">organization for the future. The article underlines the divergences and crossings of the optimism <p class="p1" style="margin-bottom: 0px; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">of transhumanism and the critique issued from posthumanism, showing how the divergent <p class="p1" style="margin-bottom: 0px; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">frameworks are no doubt shaping present reflections about the potential and constraints of <p class="p1" style="margin-bottom: 0px; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">human beings. This nuanced comparison also calls upon readers to reflect on deeper meanings <p class="p1" style="margin-bottom: 0px; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">of pr