A Fuzzy-Based Assessment of LNG-Fuelled Ships' Impact on Maritime Logistics

In light of stringent emission reduction policies set by the International Maritime Organization (IMO) and the European Union (EU), LNG-fuelled ships (LFS) have emerged as a significant medium-term solution for the maritime industry. This study employs the Fuzzy Delphi Method to evaluate environmental, technological, economic, legal, and social factors identified through an extensive literature review, while the Fuzzy DEMATEL Method is used to determine cause-and-effect relationships based on expert assessments. Findings reveal that F11 “Operation Cost” and F14 “Sailing Pattern” are the most influential factors in the adoption of LFS. Additionally, key considerations include F15 “Bunkering Network”, F3 “Engine Type”, F4 “Unburned Methane Emissions”, F1 “Exhaust Emissions (NOx, SOx, PM, CO₂)”, and F5 “Safety Concerns”. Beyond addressing operational and economic challenges, LFS contribute significantly to mitigating maritime pollution, protecting marine ecosystems, and combating climate change. This study provides valuable guidance for LNG ship investors and maritime stakeholders, facilitating the transition to LNG-powered fleets in compliance with IMO regulations.