Variation in phenolic content across different parts of the invasive Amelanchier x spicata (Lam.) K. Koch in Lithuania

Introduction. The spread of invasive plants poses a global challenge that requires coordinated efforts in research, monitoring, prevention, and management. Understanding the biology and impact of invasive species is crucial for developing effective strategies to protect native ecosystems and mitigate economic losses [6]. The object of investigation was Amelanchier × spicata (Lam.) K. Koch, a hybrid between Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roem. and Amelanchier humilis Wiegand. This hybrid is mainly distributed in the eastern and northern parts of North America, thriving in temperate environments, woodlands, and disturbed areas where it can spread easily [10]. A. × spicata was naturalized in Europe during the 18th century, likely due to its introduction for ornamental purposes and its ability to adapt to a range of habitats. Over time, this hybrid species spread beyond cultivated areas and began to establish itself in various regions across Europe. In Lithuania, A. × spicata is considered an alien species, as it is not native to the region and has the potential to disrupt local ecosystems. Due to its rapid spread and invasive characteristics, such as its ability to thrive in disturbed habitats, the Invasive Species Council of the Ministry of Environment of the Republic of Lithuania recognized A. × spicata as a threat and included it on the national list of invasive species in 2012 [1,7]. [...].