Variability in the Clinical Presentation of Major Catheter-Related Complications: A Case Report

Phlebitis and infiltration have traditionally been considered distinct conditions, and numerous studies have used these terms to classify outcomes. However, classic diagnostic criteria may not consistently or accurately differentiate between the 2 clinical conditions. The current case report presents examples demonstrating that phlebitis and infiltration are heterogenous conditions with varied and overlapping signs that do not always align with conventional definitions. This variability in presentation may hinder distinguishing between these complications and may contribute to inconsistencies across the literature. Defining outcomes using broader terms, such as "catheter failure," may help reduce inter-study bias. Additionally, focusing on individual signs and symptoms, or specific combinations thereof, may be an alternative approach to foster scientific consensus.