Morin: A Comprehensive Review of Its Sources, Nutraceutical Prospects, Chemistry, and Pharmacological Insights

Nature has continuously offered an abundance of essential nutrients that sustain the life of various organisms on Earth. Among the plethora of gifts provided by nature, plants have emerged as the most valuable ones, not just because they provide food that nourishes the body, but also because they offer us various bioactive compounds that contribute significantly to human health. These bioactive compounds have shaped traditional medicine and continue to serve as a foundation for modern pharmacology. Morin, identified as 2',3,4',5,7-Pentahydroxyflavone, is a bioflavonoid available in various plants such as Maclura tinctoria, Morus alba, Artocarpus heterophyllus, and Psidium guava, and has gained remarkable attention because of its remarkable nephroprotective, cardioprotective, gastroprotective, antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-arthritic, antidiabetic, anticancer, and anti-inflammatory potential. Morin can do so because it can neutralise free radicals, reducing oxidative stress, and cell damage. Morin's therapeutic value extends beyond its antioxidant effects by regulating inflammation, cellular growth, and pathways involved in inflammation, proliferation, and cell death, boosting its overall benefits. This review highlights morin's biological effects, mechanisms, and applications in medicine and nutraceuticals profile while addressing challenges such as bioavailability, stability, and toxicity and suggesting future research directions to fully utilize its potential.