Influence of three agricultural systems on physiological, biometric parameters, and aphid infestation in common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

This study evaluates the physiological and biometric parameters, as well as aphid infestation levels, in winter wheat grown under conventional, organic, and biodynamic farming systems during 2020 – 2022, at the Institute of Agriculture – Karnobat. The wheat variety Miryana was used. Key physiological traits such as photosynthetic activity and water use efficiency were measured alongside biometric parameters and yield components. The study revealed that organic farming enhances water use efficiency but compromises yield and photosynthetic activity. Biodynamic farming performed comparably to the conventional system in physiological terms, while achieving the highest yield in the second year and exhibiting the lowest aphid infestation. These findings highlight biodynamic agriculture as a sustainable and resilient option for wheat production.