Few but good? The effects of the reduction of parliamentary seats on the socio-professional profile and political careers of Italian MPs

Abstract On the eve of the final approval of the constitutional reform reducing the number of parliamentary seats in Italy (October 2020), experts and commentators speculated on its potential consequences. While political supporters emphasized cost-cutting, others highlighted possible efficiency gains and a closer alignment with international standards. Some argued a smaller parliament might improve legislative quality by pushing parties to select better candidates. Critics, however, raised concerns about weakened ties between deputies and senators and their constituencies due to larger districts, increased dependence on party elites, the disproportionate influence of individual senators on government stability, and potential inefficiencies caused by downsizing legislative committees within an unchanged bicameral system. Although the full effects of the reform will only emerge over time, some short-term outcomes are already observable. This article investigates whether the reform has changed the socio-professional profile, gender balance, and political experience of Italian MPs. It also explores which individual characteristics—beyond party affiliation—have become more important for securing a seat in a reduced parliament. By focusing on the composition of the new legislature, the article contributes to the broader debate on the relationship between institutional design and the features of political representation.