Amylase Production From Potato Peels by <i>Bacillus</i> sp. Under Improved Culture Conditions

Amylase, an enzyme with significant industrial applications, can be produced sustainably and economically using agricultural waste. This study investigates amylase production from Bacillus species utilizing potato peel substrates, aiming to achieve both environmental and economic benefits. Bacterial strains capable of producing amylase were isolated and characterized. Using response surface methodology, key variables, substrate concentration, pH, and temperature, were optimized to enhance enzymatic activity. The effects of acidic and alkaline pretreatments on potato peel substrates were also assessed. Amylase was purified through dialysis and salting out and analyzed using sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Enzyme immobilization in calcium alginate beads was performed to evaluate stability for industrial reuse. Optimal production was achieved at a substrate concentration of 17.4%, pH 10.8, and temperature 54.2°C, with alkaline pretreatment significantly improving yield. Purification increased enzyme concentration and purity, confirmed by the presence of a distinct 55 kDa band in SDS-PAGE. Immobilization enhanced enzyme stability, indicating potential for repeated industrial applications. These findings highlight the viability of producing amylase from agricultural waste while reducing costs and environmental impact. The results also emphasize the value of substrate pretreatment and enzyme immobilization in developing efficient and sustainable biotechnological processes.