Riverbank Erosion and Its Socio-Economic and Mental Health Impacts in Coastal Bangladesh

Riverbank erosion poses a serious threat in coastal areas, particularly in Bangladesh, with significant socioeconomic and mental health consequences. This study investigates the factors contributing to riverbank erosion, evaluates its socioeconomic and environmental impacts, and explores its implications for mental health. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 230 participants in the Patuakhali district using a closed questionnaire, observation, and semi-structured interviews. Socioeconomic and mental health variables were analyzed using the Chi-square test, while outcome analysis was conducted through logistic regression to calculate adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). The findings indicate that 67% of respondents lost their homes, 97.4% lost livestock, and 86.1% suffered crop damage. In terms of mental health, 49.1% reported stress, 37% anxiety, and 31.3% depression. Logistic regression results show that displaced individuals experienced significantly higher odds of stress (OR = 2.175), anxiety (OR = 2.442), and depression (OR = 1.768), all with p < 0.05. Although low income did not show a significant relationship (p = 0.353), those residing in temporary housing were found to be more exposed and vulnerable (p = 0.003). This study recommendation includes erosion control, reduction environmental impacts like land loss, salinity intrusion, displacement patterns) and a specific set of policy recommendations (strengthening embankments, rehabilitation programs, early-warning systems, and mental-health support services). The findings provide valuable insights for policymakers, planners, and disaster risk reduction authorities to develop action-oriented frameworks for mitigating the impacts of riverbank erosion in vulnerable coastal communities.