An Insight into the Anti-Cancer Potential of N-Heterocyclic Compounds Targeting Breast Cancer

Abstract: Breast cancer remains one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide, so it is crucial to develop novel therapeutic agents to improve treatment outcomes. Nheterocyclic compounds have garnered considerable interest due to their potential in treating breast cancer. N-heterocyclic compounds have been demonstrated to interact with key molecular targets implicated in breast cancer progression, including Estrogen Receptors (ER), HER2, and the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. This review explores the role of N-heterocyclic compounds, including azetidine, imidazole, pyridine, quinoline, and pyrazole, in breast cancer treatment, focusing on their anticancer activity and efficacy. A total of 66 research studies from the PubMed and Google Scholar platforms were cited in the manuscript, demonstrating that N-heterocyclic analogs exhibit superior anticancer activity compared to standard drugs such as doxorubicin and paclitaxel. Different patents related to derivatives and clinical trials reported in the paper confirm the anti-cancer potential of N-heterocyclic compounds. The content of the paper will surely be beneficial to researchers working on the synthesis of novel N-heterocycles and to those seeking to discover more anticancer agents featuring the lead N-heterocyclic moiety. The selection of this sample size ensures comprehensive analytical depth, providing a representative pool for recent studies relevant to the role of N-heterocyclics in Breast Cancer.