Myo-Inositol: Pharmacokinetics, Biological Functions, and Therapeutic Potential in Liver Protection: Insights from Preclinical Models

Myo-inositol, the most common stereoisomer of inositol, plays an important role in many physiological processes, such as cell signaling, regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism, and protection of cells against oxidative stress. The main focus has been on pharmacokinetics, and it has been studied in both animal models (Wistar rats, mice, and <i>Danio rerio</i>) and humans. It is characterized by high oral bioavailability and is primarily eliminated via the kidneys. Preclinical studies have shown that myo-inositol has hepatoprotective potential, reducing oxidative stress, inflammation, and lipid accumulation in hepatocytes, as well as stabilizing liver cell membranes. Animal models make it possible to assess mechanisms of action, toxicity, and efficacy, thereby laying the groundwork for clinical research. In clinical practice, myo-inositol is currently used mainly in the treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome, gestational diabetes, fertility disorders, and certain affective disorders. Based on the results of preclinical studies, its potential application in liver diseases and drug-induced injury has been suggested. Despite promising findings, further translational research and randomized clinical trials are necessary to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy and safety of myo-inositol in hepatology. In summary, myo-inositol is a natural, well-tolerated compound with a multidirectional mechanism of action that may represent a promising element of supportive therapy for liver diseases.