Chronic nonbacterial osteomyelitis: a typical case and review

CNO is generally diagnosed by exclusion, with MRI being the gold standard for detecting asymptomatic lesions and assessing disease activity. Treatment typically involves NSAIDs, with bisphosphonates and biologics increasingly used in refractory cases. This case underscores the complexity of diagnosing and managing CNO, highlighting the need for a multidisciplinary approach. Further research is essential to establish standardized diagnostic criteria and optimize treatment strategies for this rare condition.