Choline and DNA methylation: impact across metabolic, oncogenic and neurodevelopmental disorders

Alterations in DNA methylation span a wide spectrum of health conditions and diseases, with choline being a potential nutritional modulator through its role as a methyl donor. However, these modulatory effects are not unidirectional as they show subtle variations with context-specificity, highlighting the importance of precision in clinical methyl donor interventions. Studies that comprehensively map DNA methylation patterns and aim to establish causality may serve as an important gateway to identify relevant biomarkers, optimize choline-based therapeutic strategies, and confer more precise epigenetic modulation with translational relevance.