Adenoid cystic carcinoma of the vulva: A case report and literature review

Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) of the vulva represents a rare malignancy, characterized by its low incidence and often non-specific clinical manifestations, which may lead to misdiagnosis and ultimately compromise patient prognosis. Therefore, early diagnosis and prompt intervention are crucial. The present study described the case of a middle-aged female patient who presented with a notable mass in the vulvar region. Following comprehensive imaging studies and pathological examination, the patient was conclusively diagnosed with vulvar ACC. Pathological examination following surgery revealed tumor invasion into adjacent nerves and skeletal muscle. However, the surgical margins were clear, and the patient showed no signs of recurrence during the 6 month follow-up period. Initial symptoms of vulvar ACC may resemble those of benign conditions such as Bartholin gland cysts or abscesses. In conclusion, the diagnosis of vulvar ACC requires comprehensive clinical evaluation, imaging and pathological examination. In the future, developing a comprehensive treatment plan and conducting long-term follow-up are necessary to improve the prognosis and management of patients with ACC of the vulva.