Analysis of Learning Obstacles for Elementary School Students in Understanding Exponential Numbers

Understanding exponential numbers is a very crucial element in the mathematics learning process, especially at the elementary education level. Despite this, many students face significant challenges in understanding this concept. This research aims to analyze various learning obstacles experienced by students in understanding exponential numbers, as well as trying to find appropriate solutions to overcome these problems. Based on data obtained from a survey conducted on 23 students in several elementary schools, it was found that around 65% of them had difficulty understanding exponent notation and its application in the context of everyday life. Apart from that, as many as 70% of students admitted that they felt confused when they had to deal with mathematical operations involving exponential numbers. This research uses a qualitative approach by applying the DDR (Didactic Design Research) method to dig deeper into the learning obstacles experienced by students, as well as to gain a more comprehensive understanding of the factors that cause them. The results of this research indicate that a lack of basic understanding of exponent numbers were categorized into conceptual misunderstandings, procedural errors, and difficulties in contextual application.and other mathematical operations is the main factor contributing to this learning barrier. Therefore, it is very important to develop more effective and interesting teaching strategies, so that they can help students understand exponential numbers better. With the right approach, it is hoped that students can overcome the difficulties they face and increase their understanding of more complex mathematical concepts in the future.