Sustainable Nanotechnology: Utilizing Ananus Comascus peel extract Iron Oxide Nanoparticles (AC-Fe₂O₃ -NPs) for Enhanced Congo Red dye Adsorption Using Response Surface Methodology (RSM)

ABSTRACT The synthesis approach focuses on minimizing the use of hazardous chemicals, utilizing nanotechnology for the remediation of toxic pollutants in wastewater, and ensuring that the synthesized Nanoparticles exhibit minimal environmental impact. In the present study, Ananas comosus extract was employed for the synthesis of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles due to its excellent adsorptive properties and the presence of phytochemicals such as flavonoids, phenolics, and steroids. These bioactive compounds act as natural reducing and stabilizing agents, leading to the formation of Ananas Comosus iron oxide Nanoparticles (AC-Fe2O3-NPs). The synthesized AC-Fe2O3-NPs were characterized using SEM–EDX, XRD, and FTIR techniques to investigate their surface morphology, elemental composition, crystalline structure, and functional groups. The adsorption process was adopted to evaluate the removal efficiency of Congo Red dye(CR) dye from aqueous solutions. Various experimental parameters, including solution pH, initial dye concentration, temperature, adsorbent dosage, and contact time, were examined and optimized. The equilibrium adsorption data were analyzed using Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models, which showed good correlation with the experimental adsorption results for Congo Red dyedye onto Ananas Comosus Iron Oxide Nanoparticles. Keywords Ananas comosus extract, Iron oxide Nanoparticles (AC–Fe₂O₃–NPs), Phytochemicals, Adsorption, Congo Red dyedye, Wastewater treatment, Nanotechnology, SEM–EDX, XRD, FTIR, Langmuir isotherm, Freundlich isotherm, Environmental remediation, Bio-reduction.