Wind energy and green hydrogen production: a sustainable vision for the province of Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada

The planet cannot survive without a sustainable approach to development, and global energy systems are rapidly evolving to meet the growing demand for clean, renewable alternatives. In this context, wind energy plays a crucial role, particularly in regions rich in abundant wind resources. Since wind energy is free and has no emissions, it can provide the electricity needed to manufacture green hydrogen (GH2), which makes the combination of wind and hydrogen production a promising solution in the energy transition. GH2 is a renewable fuel that can significantly contribute to climate goals, energy security, and decarbonization of economies and societies. Produced through electrolysis powered by renewable energy, green hydrogen has the potential to be both a practical response to environmental challenges and a driver of long-term sustainability. The province of Newfoundland and Labrador (NL) has a unique position to produce sustainable green hydrogen because of its favorable geographic location and exceptional offshore wind potential. Large-scale renewable energy facilities have a unique opportunity in the North Atlantic offshore due to the ocean’s consistent wind patterns and the province’s proximity to the USA and European markets. Although the NL’s energy sector is mostly based on renewable energy resources (hydro), there is still a lack of thorough research that integrates the possibilities of wind energy and green hydrogen to boost the energy transition of the province of NL. This study is a narrative literature review, which highlights the vital role of wind energy in facilitating the sustainable energy transition in NL and explains the status of provincial GH2 projects. It emphasizes NL’s untapped potential to develop a robust, sustainable, and export-driven clean energy sector. Additionally, it uses a transdisciplinary review to co-produce knowledge that addresses practical sustainability challenges and provides some policy recommendations for the successful implementation of green hydrogen projects in the NL province.