Estimation and Spatial Mapping of Soil Carbon Stock in the Perigi, South Sumatra, Indonesia, Considering Peat Depth Variability

Tropical peatlands are major carbon sinks that store a significant portion of the world’s soil carbon. Although approximately 37% of the world’s tropical peatlands are located in Indonesia, these ecosystems face continuous degradation from drainage and fires. Despite the urgent need for restoration, precise local-scale baseline data remain insufficient. This study identified the spatial distribution of peat depth and soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks in Perigi, South Sumatra, an area currently lacking foundational information. We conducted field surveys at 73 sampling locations in Perigi to analyze peat depth and SOC content, developing predictive models using satellite-derived environmental variables. Based on these models, the study estimated spatial distributions and generated spatial uncertainty maps. The results indicate the potential existence of peatlands in areas not reflected in existing national maps, highlighting the necessity of detailed local-scale assessments. Furthermore, hydrological factors exerted a strong influence on both models, suggesting that the hydrological environment is a primary determinant of peatland formation in Perigi. These findings provide a scientific basis for understanding spatial characteristics and discussing future restoration and management strategies for vulnerable tropical peatland ecosystems.