In-planta <i>Agrobacterium</i> -mediated cereal transformation - InPACT

We present a simple, efficient, and genotype-flexible method for transformation of small grain cereals. The method is named In-planta Agrobacterium-mediated cereal transformation or InPACT. We demonstrate the genotype flexibility of InPACT through successful transformation of 32 different wheat genotypes: 29 hexaploid (Triticum aestivum) and 3 tetraploid durum (Triticum durum) wheat accessions showing global adaptation. Experiments performed by experienced users and learners demonstrate that InPACT is highly reproducible, as both groups were able to generate transgenic wheat without difficulty. We further explored the utility of InPACT in other cereal crops and successfully transformed three barley (Hordeum vulgare), two oat (Avena sativa), and one rice (Oryza sativa) germplasm.