A Synergistic Approach to Modeling Ellipsoidal Stenoses with Cross-Williamson Fluids via HPM and FEM Techniques

Examining the intricacies of blood flow by means of restricted arteries, this study explores situations in which several stenoses, particularly rotated ellipsoidal stenoses, considerably impair flow and increase cardiovascular risk. A complex Cross-Williamsons model with extra parameters is used to precisely represent the fluid behavior of blood. A novel computational approach that combines the Homotopy Perturbation Method and the Finite Element Method is used to address the continuity, momentum, and energy fundamentals that govern fluid motion and heat transfer. This approach is verified through Computational Fluid Dynamics simulations. The narrowed regions velocity, pressure, and temperature patterns are vividly visualized by the CFD analyses, which also show significant pressure variations (12182 [Formula: see text] − 14450 [Formula: see text]) and increased central flow speeds due to velocity change ange [Formula: see text] at the stenoses. Certain zones are classified as being vulnerable to strong shear rate. Further investigation of hemodynamic parameters such as the Reynolds number (maximum at [Formula: see text]), shear rate (maximum at [Formula: see text], and kinematic velocity provides a better understanding of the complex blood flow dynamics in arteries with numerous constrictions. These discoveries have major therapeutic implications for improving the identification and treatment of vascular stenosis. They can help to establish tailored treatment regimens, improve stent placement, and identify future problems such as blood clot formation and plaque instability. Finally, this study enhances the area of computer modeling in cardiovascular investigations, giving medical practitioners significant insights into tailoring treatment options for patients with complicated artery narrowing.