Validation of Analytical Methodology for Glyphosate Determination and Degradation Assessment with the Silver Arsenate Photocatalyst

Given the extensive use and toxicity of glyphosate, this study aimed to optimize and validate a high-efficiency liquid chromatography method with fluorescence detection for its quantification in water, evaluate its photocatalytic degradation using Ag₃AsO₄, and assess biological toxicity via the <i>Allium cepa</i> test, the MTT assay, and nitric oxide quantification in RAW264.7 cells. The analytical method was successfully validated, exhibiting a correlation coefficient of 0.99976 and limits of detection and quantification of 0.0314 μg L^-1 and 0.1048 μg L^-1, respectively, with coefficients of variation below 9.05% and recovery rates between 93.84 and 99.41%. Regarding degradation, the Ag₃AsO₄ photocatalyst achieved a glyphosate removal rate of 99.46% within 60 min under visible light. Furthermore, the material demonstrated high stability and reusability, with only a 5.03% decrease in degradation efficiency after three consecutive cycles. Biological assays indicated that glyphosate possesses cytotoxic and genotoxic potential in the analyzed cells. These findings confirm the effectiveness of Ag₃AsO₄, highlighting its potential as a candidate material for environmental remediation, although further studies on metal leaching are required.