Dynamic behavior and optimization of large-scale prefabricated concrete rectangular channel under seismic excitation

With the widespread application of prefabricated structures in hydraulic engineering, their seismic safety has attracted increasing attention, this study systematically investigates the seismic response characteristics of prefabricated channels with different wall connection types and segmentation numbers. We established a three-dimensional soil-structure finite element model and employed the dynamic time-history analysis method to investigate the dynamic response characteristics of the prefabricated channel under transverse seismic excitation, we further systematically analyzed the effects of sidewall connection types and segment lengths on the channel’s seismic performance and proposed an optimal segmentation configuration to enhance its seismic resilience. In order to evaluate the accuracy of the model, we conducted experimental validation, and the results showed that the established numerical model reliably simulated the seismic performance of the prefabricated channel. Flexible connections produce larger transverse deformations and more concentrated stress distributions than rigid connections, although the overall response remains within acceptable limits. Excessive segmentation with flexible connections may reduce the structure’s overall stiffness and cause stress concentration at the sidewall bases. The design should balance sidewall flexibility with stress distribution in the bottom slab to determine an appropriate segment number. Considering both deformation and stress, this study identifies six sidewall segments (0.665 m each) as the optimal flexible connection configuration. These findings contribute to the advancement of seismic-resilient design strategies for prefabricated channel structures, offering practical guidance for their engineering application and optimization.