Assessment of crop yield potential and quality indicators of rapeseed under the influence of microfertilizers

The article presents the results of assessing the influence of microfertilizers on the yield and quality indicators of spring rape. The research was conducted during 2023-2024 in two regions: on the experimental field of the Penza Research Institute of Agriculture (Lunino, Penza region) and OOO Mozhary (Ryazan region). The object of the research was the spring rape hybrid PR46X75 (Pioneer). The experiment consisted of foliar feeding of rapeseed plants with complex microelement fertilizers. The climatic conditions of the regions during the years of the research were contrasting. During the rapeseed vegetation period in 2024, conditions were characterized as dry, the GTC was 0.48 units in the Penza region and 0.55 in the Ryazan region. Hydrothermal conditions in 2023 were more favorable, the hydrothermal coefficient was 0.98 and 1.05 units. Foliar treatment of the crop contributed to an increase in the productivity of the PR46X75 hybrid, where the yield increase relative to the control amounted to 0.10-0.24 t/ha. The most effective preparation was Micropolidoc Plus, where the productivity of the PR46X75 hybrid was 2.19 t/ha, which was 0.24 t/ha higher than the control variant. A smaller but reliable increase in yield was noted in the variant with foliar treatment with the Polidon Aminno fertilizer (0.10 t/ha). The maximum number of seeds in a pod (27.5 pieces), seed productivity of the plant (3.38 g) and the weight of 1000 seeds (4.82 g) were found in the variant with foliar feeding with the microfertilizer Micropolidoc Plus. The highest oil content was noted in the variants with the use of Polidon Amino (44.6%) and Micropolidoc Plus (44.8%) fertilizers, which significantly (by 1.9-2.1%) exceeded the variant without treatment. The main share of the fatty acid composition of rapeseed oilseeds is oleic acid, the percentage of which varied across variants from 64.28 (Polishance) to 66.91% (Polydon Amino). When using Micropolidoc Plus fertilizer, an increase in the content of linoleic and linolenic acids (up to 19.76 and 8.07%) and a decrease in erucic acid to 0.18% were noted.