Ocular motor and vestibular examination in the unconscious patient—standard of care

Ocular motor and vestibular testing in unconscious patients offer a unique opportunity to assess both brainstem and cerebellar function and its interplay with higher cortical areas. It may also help predict outcome. Challenges to overcome include a lack of standardized diagnostic approaches to unconscious patients. Quantitative eye movement analysis, based on videooculography (VOG) and artificial intelligence using large multimodal data sets are promising new tools for diagnosis, longitudinal observational studies and prediction of outcome.