Quality parameters of dried seaweed: Challenges and future directions

Abstract The quality of dried seaweed products varies widely across producing and importing countries, resulting in trade inconsistencies and frequent product rejections. This study systematically reviews dried seaweed quality standards using the PRISMA 2020 framework. A total of 55 relevant documents were analyzed, encompassing peer-reviewed studies and regulatory frameworks from major seaweed-producing nations. The findings reveal substantial discrepancies in quality parameters, particularly for heavy metals, microbiological safety, and proximate composition, driven by differences in contaminant speciation, species-specific bioaccumulation, and analytical methods. These discrepancies, rooted in differences in contaminant speciation, species bioaccumulation, and regulatory approaches, pose significant barriers to market harmonization. The resulting regulatory fragmentation imposes substantial economic burdens through export rejections and compliance costs. The findings emphasize the need for harmonized testing protocols, standardized reporting, and mutual recognition mechanisms to enhance trade efficiency and product competitiveness. Strengthening global standards and promoting sustainable production practices will not only improve the safety and quality of seaweed products but also support environmental sustainability and consumer confidence in international markets.