Identifying Misrepresented Participants in Qualitative Research through Culturally Aware and Action-Oriented Strategies

Qualitative research in health equity contexts relies on trust, authenticity, and careful interpretation of lived experiences. Yet underrepresented communities, racialized individuals, people with disabilities, and those experiencing socioeconomic marginalization have often been excluded or superficially engaged, reinforcing structural inequities. Participant misrepresentation, including inaccurate demographics or inconsistent narratives, often reflects systemic forces such as racism, economic precarity, and historical mistrust rather than individual deceit. Using intersectionality and community-based participatory research, we illustrate how recruitment, screening, and data collection intersect with participants’ lived experiences. We offer recommendations, including co-developed eligibility, community verification, reflexivity, and culturally responsive engagement, to uphold rigor, trust, and participant well-being.