Economic Independence in the Medina Period

This study examines the economic and political strategies implemented by the Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) during the Medina period, focusing on economic independence and efforts to empower the Muslim community. This study analyzes the economic policies enacted within and outside Medina, contributing to the literature by providing a comprehensive overview of these strategies. Key measures within Medina included the establishment of a brotherhood between the Ansar and Muhajir (muāhāt), the creation of the suffa for education and shelter, and the establishment of the Medina market. Outside Medina, strategies included alliances with neighboring tribes, military expeditions against Quraysh caravans, and events, such as the embargo by Sumāma ibn Usāl and the boycott by Abū Basīr. These actions were designed to secure the economic and political stability of the Muslim community in Medina. Many sariyyahs and ghazwahs organized outside the borders of Medina, especially in the early periods, targeted the economic income sources of the Quraysh polytheists, namely, the caravans. This study highlights how these measures strengthened the Muslims economically and politically, making them more resilient against the Meccan polytheists. Additionally, this study explores the perspectives of orientalists and Muslim scholars on the motivations behind the military expeditions and economic measures. The strategic use of economic sanctions illustrates the integration of economic and political tactics during this period, ultimately aiding the Muslims in gaining control and weakening their adversaries.