The influence of micro fertilizers on the photosynthetic activity of safflower in the Lower Volga region

Increasing the gross harvest of agricultural products to solve the food problem in the world is associated with studies of biological processes in plants that arise as a result of the impact of factors intensifying agricultural production. Research objective: to evaluate the indicators of photosynthetic activity of safflower on its productivity depending on the use of micronutrient fertilizers. Studies on the effect of micronutrient fertilizers on the photosynthetic activity and productivity of safflower were carried out in 2022-2024 on the experimental field of the Federal Scientific Center of Agroecology of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The object of the research is a new variety of safflower Sashok. The technology of cultivating safflower is generally accepted for the Lower Volga region. To achieve the goal, the following micronutrient fertilizers were studied: Ultamag Bor, Biostim Rost Proizvodstvo AO Shchelkovo Agrokhim. The parameters of photosynthetic indicators were determined according to the method developed by A.A. Nicheporovich. The coefficient of utilization of photosynthetically active radiation by plants according to the method of H.G. Tooming. The processing of yield data was carried out by the method of dispersion analysis. The maximum values of the safflower photosynthetic activity indicators were in the variants with micro fertilizers Ultamag Bor 30 g + Biostim Rost 30 g / 10 l of water – the photosynthetic potential in the "flowering" phase was higher than in the control variant by 2825.9 thousand m2 per day / ha, the potential yield was 1.03 t / ha. The actual yield of safflower of the dye variety Sashok with the use of a tank mixture of micro fertilizers Ultamag Bor 30 g + Biostim Rost 30 g / 10 l of water in the variant was 1.08 t / ha, which is higher than the potential by 0.05 t / ha. The use of micro fertilizers in safflower crops helps to increase the photosynthetic activity of plants and seed yield. The most effective option with micro fertilizers Ultamag Bor 30 g + Biostim Rost 30 g / 10 l of water.