Recent Advances in Understanding Bio-Compounds from Haloarchaea

Haloarchaea are extreme halophilic microorganisms that thrive in hypersaline environments. They possess unique physiological, metabolic, and molecular adaptations that enable robust biomanufacturing under harsh conditions. Growing taxonomic diversity, advances in genome sequencing, and the development of genetic and process engineering tools have significantly expanded interest in haloarchaea as non-conventional microbial cell factories. This review summarizes recent advances in the biosynthesis of high-value bio-compounds and their properties by haloarchaea. Particular emphasis is placed on industrially relevant enzymes, biodegradable polyhydroxyalkanoates, and the functional carotenoid bacterioruberin. Our investigation provides comprehensive information on the strategies, mass production, properties, and applications for the production of these bio-compounds from halophilic archaea. This review suggests the potential of haloarchaea in the industry and biotechnology as cellular factories to produce diverse bioactive compounds.