Degrees of freedom of new general relativity: Type 4, type 7, and type 9

We investigate degrees of freedom in New General Relativity. This theory is the three-parameter extension of Teleparallel Equivalent to GR and classified into nine irreducible types according to the rotation symmetry SO (3) on each leaf of ADM-foliation. In the previous work [ Phys. Rev. D 112 (2025) 8, 084052 ], we investigated the degrees of freedom in NGR types that are of interest in describing gravity: Type 2, Type 3, Type 5, and Type 8. In this work, we focus on unveiling those numbers in all other types to complete the analysis of NGR. After providing the Hamiltonian formulation of NGR and considering in detail the regularity of NGR, we perform the analysis of Type 4, Type 7, and Type 9. We reveal that the degrees of freedom of Type 4, Type 7, and Type 9 are five, zero (purely topological system in bulk spacetime), and three, respectively. Type 4 and Type 9 have second-class constraint densities only, whereas Type 7 has first-class constraint densities only. In every type, no bifurcation occurs. In particular, Type 4 and Type 7 are irregular and provide specific examples of handling irregular systems. Since no general method is known for treating an irregular system, this work contributes to furthering the understanding of irregular systems.

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Journal
Physics Letters B
Published
2026-02-26
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physletb.2026.140310
Primary Topic
Noncommutative and Quantum Gravity Theories
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article
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article

Degrees of freedom of new general relativity: Type 4, type 7, and type 9

Kyosuke Tomonari
Physics Letters B
Noncommutative and Quantum Gravity Theories
article

Degrees of freedom of new general relativity: Type 4, type 7, and type 9

Kyosuke Tomonari
article en

Abstract

We investigate degrees of freedom in New General Relativity. This theory is the three-parameter extension of Teleparallel Equivalent to GR and classified into nine irreducible types according to the rotation symmetry SO (3) on each leaf of ADM-foliation. In the previous work [ Phys. Rev. D 112 (2025) 8, 084052 ], we investigated the degrees of freedom in NGR types that are of interest in describing gravity: Type 2, Type 3, Type 5, and Type 8. In this work, we focus on unveiling those numbers in all other types to complete the analysis of NGR. After providing the Hamiltonian formulation of NGR and considering in detail the regularity of NGR, we perform the analysis of Type 4, Type 7, and Type 9. We reveal that the degrees of freedom of Type 4, Type 7, and Type 9 are five, zero (purely topological system in bulk spacetime), and three, respectively. Type 4 and Type 9 have second-class constraint densities only, whereas Type 7 has first-class constraint densities only. In every type, no bifurcation occurs. In particular, Type 4 and Type 7 are irregular and provide specific examples of handling irregular systems. Since no general method is known for treating an irregular system, this work contributes to furthering the understanding of irregular systems.

Physics Letters BVol. 875
Tokyo Institute of Technology (JP), The University of Tokyo (JP)
Peace, Justice and strong institutions
Openalex Percentile: Top 41%
Noncommutative and Quantum Gravity Theories
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