Federated Intrusion Detection via Unidirectional Serialization and Multi-Scale 1D Convolutions with Attention Reweighting

Deployed in distributed organizations and edge networks, contemporary intrusion detection increasingly requires high-performing models without centralizing sensitive traffic logs. This study presents a lightweight federated intrusion detection framework that integrates (i) unidirectional serialization to convert tabular flow records into short sequences, (ii) multi-scale one-dimensional convolutions to capture heterogeneous temporal–statistical patterns at different receptive fields, and (iii) an attention-based reweighting module that emphasizes informative feature channels prior to classification. A sample-size-weighted FedAvg aggregation protocol is used to train a global detector without transferring raw data. Experiments on three widely used benchmarks (UNSW-NB15, KDD Cup 99, and NSL-KDD) under multiple client configurations report consistently high detection effectiveness, with peak accuracies of 99.38% (UNSW-NB15), 99.86% (KDD Cup 99), and 99.02% (NSL-KDD), alongside strong precision, recall, and F1 scores. In addition, the proposed framework is quantitatively benchmarked on UNSW-NB15 against two recent federated intrusion detection baselines, FedMSP-SPEC and a multi-view federated CAE-NSVM model, demonstrating improvements of more than 10 percentage points in macro F1-score while retaining a compact architecture. The manuscript further specifies a concrete threat model, clarifies the client data partitioning strategy and Non-IID quantification, and provides a reproducibility protocol (hyperparameters, random seeds, and evaluation procedures) to facilitate independent verification.

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Publication Details

Journal
Future Internet
Published
2026-02-26
DOI
https://doi.org/10.3390/fi18030117
Primary Topic
Network Security and Intrusion Detection
Type
article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
0.00

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article

Federated Intrusion Detection via Unidirectional Serialization and Multi-Scale 1D Convolutions with Attention Reweighting

Di Kevin Gao, Tianrong Zhang, Wenqing Li
Future Internet
Network Security and Intrusion Detection
article

Federated Intrusion Detection via Unidirectional Serialization and Multi-Scale 1D Convolutions with Attention Reweighting

Di Kevin Gao, Tianrong Zhang, Wenqing Li
article en

Abstract

Deployed in distributed organizations and edge networks, contemporary intrusion detection increasingly requires high-performing models without centralizing sensitive traffic logs. This study presents a lightweight federated intrusion detection framework that integrates (i) unidirectional serialization to convert tabular flow records into short sequences, (ii) multi-scale one-dimensional convolutions to capture heterogeneous temporal–statistical patterns at different receptive fields, and (iii) an attention-based reweighting module that emphasizes informative feature channels prior to classification. A sample-size-weighted FedAvg aggregation protocol is used to train a global detector without transferring raw data. Experiments on three widely used benchmarks (UNSW-NB15, KDD Cup 99, and NSL-KDD) under multiple client configurations report consistently high detection effectiveness, with peak accuracies of 99.38% (UNSW-NB15), 99.86% (KDD Cup 99), and 99.02% (NSL-KDD), alongside strong precision, recall, and F1 scores. In addition, the proposed framework is quantitatively benchmarked on UNSW-NB15 against two recent federated intrusion detection baselines, FedMSP-SPEC and a multi-view federated CAE-NSVM model, demonstrating improvements of more than 10 percentage points in macro F1-score while retaining a compact architecture. The manuscript further specifies a concrete threat model, clarifies the client data partitioning strategy and Non-IID quantification, and provides a reproducibility protocol (hyperparameters, random seeds, and evaluation procedures) to facilitate independent verification.

Future InternetVol. 18(3)
Zhejiang Shuren University (CN), University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CN)
University of New South Wales
Openalex Percentile: Top 51%
Network Security and Intrusion Detection
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