A Weibull distribution-based method for estimating seed longevity in Solanum rostratum

This study demonstrates that combining accelerated aging assays with the three-parameter Weibull distribution provides an effective approach for assessing seed longevity and soil seed bank persistence. The method offers a practical, efficient, and reproducible framework for estimating seed bank persistence in annual invasive plants. Our findings highlight the critical role of persistent seed banks in facilitating the invasion success of <i>S. rostratum</i>, thereby offering a robust analytical basis for evaluating invasion risks. Moreover, the modeling framework developed here can be extended to other annual plant species for seed viability assessment, providing valuable theoretical support for the development of ecologically sustainable weed management strategies.