Rural residents’ perceptions of the ecosystem services provided by birds under high hunting pressure in North-Eastern Brazil

Understanding rural residents’ perceptions of birds, which play critical roles in ecosystem services, is essential for fostering effective conservation strategies. In Northeast Brazil, birds of the Columbidae family, such as pigeons and doves, are significant contributors to seed dispersal and promoting human well-being. This study sought to investigate how rural residents of Itabaiana, Sergipe, perceive columbids and what socioeconomic factors may influence these perceptions. The study was conducted through semi-structured interviews with 223 residents of three rural communities. These interviews were designed to collect data on perceptions of the ecosystem services provided by species of Columbidae, correlating these perceptions with demographic information, including gender, age, level of education, and household income. The main findings revealed that 70.85% of the participants believe that columbids offer significant benefits, mainly as a food source and through the well-being provided by their songs. Perceptions were significantly influenced by the respondent’s level of education, income, and gender, with men with lower levels of education and income being more likely to value columbids for their food aspect. In addition, non-material benefits, such as the promotion of well-being through the songs of these birds, were identified, albeit less frequently. Only 1.35% believed that these birds provide no benefits. The study highlights the importance of integrating local understanding of ecosystem services into conservation strategies. Perceptions of columbids reflect the influence of socio-economic factors, underlining the need for policies that incorporate these local values to promote balanced conservation. Recognising the wider benefits of birds beyond food can encourage sustainable practices, benefiting both biodiversity and human communities.