Management of nontuberculous mycobacterial Pulmonary disease refractory to guideline-based therapy: A systematic review
This systematic review underscores the complexity of managing refractory NTM-PD, highlighting the role of treatment intensification, symptom control, supportive measures, and knowledge gaps. While no standardised approach exists, individualised strategies incorporating clinical, microbiological, and radiological factors remain essential for optimising patient outcomes.
Authors
- C. Lange
- Dirk Wagner (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3271-5815)
- B. Martins
- A. Pedro Aguiar (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7105-0505)
- R Thomson
- S. Aliberti (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6990-9341)
- Timothy Aksamit
- Diana Moreira-Sousa
- Mateja Jankovic Makek
- R. Duarte
- Jae-Joon Yim
- Claire Andrejak
- Marc Lipman
- Kevin L Winthrop
- Kozo Morimoto
- Charles L Daley
- Marina Pinheiro
- Onno W Akkerman
- Michael R Loebinger
Institutions
- Portland State University (US)
- University Medical Center Groningen (NL)
- Humanitas University (IT)
- University Hospital Centre Zagreb (HR)
- Radboud University Nijmegen (NL)
- The University of Queensland (AU)
- Oregon Health & Science University (US)
- Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust (GB)
- University of Groningen (NL)
- University of Zagreb (HR)
- Baylor College of Medicine (US)
- Universidade do Porto (PT)
- Universidade Politécnica do Cávado e do Ave (PT)
- University Medical Center Freiburg (DE)
- University of Colorado System (US)
- New Generation University College (ET)
- Hospital Center of Cova da Beira (PT)
- Seoul National University Hospital (KR)
- Radboud University Medical Center (NL)
- Hospital de São João (PT)
- National Jewish Health (US)
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Amiens-Picardie (FR)
- Japan Anti Tuberculosis Association (JP)
- German Center for Infection Research (DE)
- National University College (PR)
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (DE)
- Respiratory Clinical Trials (AU)
- Texas Children's Hospital (US)
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Associates (US)
- Nagasaki University (JP)
- University College London (GB)
- Université de Picardie Jules Verne (FR)
- Imperial College London (GB)
- Institut National des Sciences Appliquées Rouen Normandie (FR)
- University of Colorado Denver (US)
- University of Lübeck (DE)
Publication Details
- Journal
- Pulmonology
- Published
- 2026-02-24
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1080/25310429.2026.2632467
- Primary Topic
- Mycobacterium research and diagnosis
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 0.00
Funders
- Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation
- Pfizer
- AstraZeneca
- GlaxoSmithKline
- Sanofi
- Gilead Sciences
- Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute
- Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research
- Chiesi Farmaceutici
- COPD Foundation
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals
- MannKind Corporation
- Moderna
- Insmed
- Fondazione Internazionale Menarini
- Grifols
- National Institutes of Health
- MSD Italia
- Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia