Advances in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Irritable Bowel Syndrome and Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth

Disorders of gut-brain interaction (DGBI) such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) pose a clinical challenge because of their complex pathophysiology and diagnostic difficulties. This study aimed to analyze modern diagnostic methods and therapeutic strategies, focusing on emerging technologies and personalized approaches. IBS and SIBO are complex gastrointestinal disorders involving gut dysbiosis, motility disturbances, and interactions within the gut-brain axis. In IBS, dietary and psychological factors are key to making dietary interventions, such as a low FODMAP (fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides, and polyols) diet, and psychological therapies are particularly effective. SIBO treatment primarily relies on antibiotic therapy, although frequent relapses have driven the search for alternative approaches, including microbiota modulation. Increasing attention has been given to advanced technologies such as metabolomic analysis, microbiome profiling, and fecal microbiota transplantation, which may enhance treatment efficacy and enable a more personalized therapeutic approach. Advancements in IBS and SIBO diagnostics and treatment have allowed for a more precise therapeutic approach. Further research is required to assess the efficacy of these novel methods. Understanding gut-brain interactions and the role of gut microbiota in the pathogenesis of these disorders is crucial for developing more effective and sustainable therapeutic strategies.