Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using <i>Solanum lycopersicum</i> leaves, characterization, antibacterial, antioxidant, and catalytic activities

The natural product-mediated production of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs@sl) using <i>Solanum lycopersicum</i> (Tomato) leaves was accomplished. The spectroscopic techniques were used to identify nanoparticles. In UV-Vis spectroscopy, the maximum absorption at 425 nm confirmed the formation of nanoparticles. The particle size was measured to be 16.5 nm by Transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The signals by X-ray diffraction (XRD) (2θ) at 38.28°, 44.29°, 64.529°,77.41°, and 81.54 degrees indexed to facets [111, 020, 202, 131, and 222]. FTIR analysis presented the bioactive molecules in plant extract. The zeta potential of AgNPs@sl was calculated to be -28.7 mV, indicating high consistency. The MB was degraded by NaBH₄ with the catalysis of AgNPs@sl as 80.9% within 45 min. AgNPs@sl exhibited strong antibacterial activity. The antioxidant capacity of the extract and AgNPs@sl was demonstrated, and the nanoparticles exhibited outstanding activity. DPPH activity of the extract and nanoparticles was defined as 13.8 ± 0.6 µg/mL and 10.9 ± 0.8 µg/mL, respectively. AgNPs@sl exhibited high antibacterial activity (MIC = 21 µg/mL) against <i>B. subtilis, S. aureus,</i> and <i>E. coli.</i>