Classification of Household and Similar Waste With the Perception of Their Management in three Inland Localities of Annaba District: El Hadjar, Berrahal, and Ain Berda (North East Algeria)

The lack of recycling facilities and low sorting practices at the source pose challenges in developing countries, including Annaba, Algeria. In 2022, a study was conducted to evaluate household solid waste (HSW) management practices in three localities, including El Hadjar, Berrahal, and Ain Berda. This study involved the analysis of waste from 36 bins and a survey aimed at exploring public attitudes and behaviors toward waste disposal. A significant portion of HSW was found to be organic, while certain recyclable materials, such as paper, cardboard, plastics, and metals, have been informally recycled for over two decades. The majority of respondents were male, but women showed greater involvement in waste sorting activities. Active participation in sorting was more common among small households and residents living in terraced houses or single-family homes. Although a strong sense of civic responsibility was observed, revealed by widespread membership or expressed willingness to join an association, the ‘Not in My Backyard’ (NIMBY) effect was still apparent. Although many participants supported financial contributions to waste management, few participants were comfortable with the idea of sorting bins being located near their homes. Principal component analysis (PCA) highlighted differences between urban El Hadjar and peri-urban Berrahal and Ain Berda. Proposed solutions include composting, source sorting, environmental education, and adjustments to waste collection taxes to improve HSW management.